The Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation in Enhancing Muscle Recovery Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD): A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: To examine relevant literature on the effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving muscle recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Methods: Literature was gathered from PubMed and CINAHL in September and October 2025. Randomized controlled and clinical trials examining the effects of creatine supplementation on muscle recovery were selected. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Seven studies reported significant benefits of creatine supplementation, including quicker recovery of muscle strength, reduced fatigue, and lower creatine kinase (CK) levels compared to placebo groups. The two other studies reported no significant findings. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that creatine supplementation enhances muscle recovery following EIMD. This is evident from the increase in muscle strength, reduction in fatigue, and decreased biochemical markers of muscle damage. Further research with standardized protocols is needed to confirm its effectiveness and explore its potential as a safer alternative to NSAIDs for treating EIMD-related symptoms.