Effect of Plant-Based Diets on Cholesterol Levels in Adults: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: To review current literature evaluating the effects of plant-based diets on cholesterol and cardiometabolic health in adults. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and CINAHL was conducted in August and September to identify studies assessing low-fat, whole-food, and vegan dietary interventions on lipid profiles, glycemic control, inflammatory markers, and body weight. Randomized controlled trials, crossover trials, and clinical trials were included. Results: Plant-based diets consistently reduced total and LDL cholesterol, often accompanied by modest weight loss and improvements in insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers. Substituting animal products with plant-based alternatives further enhanced lipid reductions. Conclusions: Plant-based dietary patterns effectively improve cholesterol and cardiometabolic health in adults. These results highlight the potential of plant-based nutrition as a practical strategy to reduce cardiovascular risk.