Effect of Potassium Bromate on OXR1 Gene Expression and Cell Growth in Tetrahymena thermophila

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McMahon, Brendan
Kahle, Scott

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2018-04-20

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Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.Investigation of Tetrahymena Thermophila’s Response to Oxidative Damage The purpose of our experiment was to answer the question: Does oxidative damage, induced by potassium bromate (KBrO3), affect the growth rate and the expression of the OXR1 gene in Tetrahymena Thermophila? It was hypothesized that the expression of OXR1 would increase in Tetrahymena that were exposed to potassium bromate and that their growth rate would decrease. The exact mechanism and function of the OXR1 gene is still unknown, however, the literature suggests that it is required for oxidative damage resistance. To test the hypothesis Tetrahymena were randomly assigned to either a control group or a test group. A solution of potassium bromate that was pre-determined to be non-lethal to the Tetrahymena, was added to the test group’s culture media and both the control and test group groups were cultured under ideal conditions for 72 hours. During the 72-hr time-period, Tetrahymena were counted twice a day to determine the growth rate. Following the 72-hour treatment period, RNA was extracted from the control and test groups. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the extracted RNA, followed by gel electrophoresis and a semi-quantitative analysis of OXR1 expression. Due to the strong oxidizing capacity of potassium bromate, it was predicted that there would be significant oxidative damage resulting in increased expression of OXR1 in the Tetrahymena cultures that were treated with potassium bromate, as well as a decreased growth rate compared to the control culture.

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