The Effectiveness of Aquatic Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective. To review relevant literature to determine the effectiveness of aquatic therapy compared to land-based exercise in patients with chronic lower back pain. Methods. Literature was gathered from PubMed in January and February 2026 to assess the effectiveness of aquatic therapy compared with land-based exercise in patients with chronic lower back pain. Results. Aquatic exercise was consistently associated with positive outcomes in patients with chronic lower back pain and may serve as an effective alternative treatment for pain management. Additionally, two studies reported significant improvements in pain management when combining patient education with aquatic exercise. Conclusions. Aquatic exercise may be an alternative to land-based exercise for reducing pain and improving outcomes in patients with chronic lower back pain.